三大世界观——唯物、唯心、唯幻
中英文连载
Are You Ready for Happiness? (18)
The following is a simple introduction to the worldview in Mahayana Abhidharma and to some of the concepts in the Middle Way.
下面将对五部大论中的《大乘阿毗达摩》所讲的世界观，以及大乘中观的一些观点，做一些简单的介绍。
Realists, Idealists, Illusionists
二、唯物、唯心、唯幻
Western philosophy can be divided into two different schools of thought — idealists and realists. Buddhism is neither one nor the other, even though the teachings contain a great deal of both elements.
虽然西方哲学，可分为唯心和唯物两种不同的派别，但佛教既不是唯心也不是唯物，尽管佛教里面有很多唯物和唯心的成份。
Some of the more substantive views of the idealist school in the West are set forth, for instance, in Bertrand Russell’s discourse “Appearance and Reality,” and in the writings of George Berkeley, the prominent British empirical idealist. They claimed reality consists solely of sensory perceptions and that there is no material world apart from this reality. These concepts are similar to the Mind Only school in Buddhism. However, Berkeley in the end encountered a contradiction in his own argument. In his response to exponents of the realist school, he grudgingly handed the problem back to God, which rendered his position unacceptable.
西方哲学的唯心主义当中，也有一些比较好的逻辑：譬如罗素的《现象与实在》里面的某些观点，以及英国经验唯心主义的代表人物贝克莱的有些论点等等。他们认为：存在就是感知，除了人的感知以外，没有一个物质的世界。这些观点，与佛教唯识宗的见解比较相似。但贝克莱最后却面临着一个学说的矛盾，他在回答唯物主义者的诘难时，只好把问题都牵强地托付给上帝，这就是别人无法接受的结论了。
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