不要犯常见和断见的错误

How did eternalism come about? There were some people whose insight could not reach beyond certain point in time when even equipped with some supernatural power. Still, through this power, they discerned that they were once born in the form realm. When they were celestial beings then, Brahma and Indra already existed. Now that they had died and exited from that realm, but Brahma and Indra were still around when they looked over again. They tried to see when these gods were born and when they would die. They looked a few thousands, even tens of thousands of years ahead and found the gods remaining alive. They then came to the conclusion that Brahma and Indra would never die. They looked back tens of thousands or a few million years, but could not find the days the gods were born. Then they concluded that only beings below the rank of Brahma and Indra would die, whereas Brahma and Indra would be eternal. They subsequently incorporated these viewpoints into their books, gathered followers and established a sect. This is how the views of nihilism and eternalism originated.

常见又是怎么来的呢？有些人虽然有神通，但看得不是很远。他们用神通看到自己来自于色界，在做天人的时候，梵天、帝释就存在了，现在自己死了，但回头看去，帝释梵天还没有死。他继续观察帝释梵天是什么时候生的，什么时候会死，但往前看了几千年、几万年，发现他们都不会死，于是便认为他们是永远不死的；然后又往后推到几万年、几百万年，但仍然没有看到他们是哪一天生的。这时他就认为，梵天帝释以下的众生才会有生死，而梵天帝释是常住不灭的。他们把这个观点写进书里，于是很多人跟着他学，就又形成了一个教派。常见和断见就是这样来的。

In the modern world, people also have similar questions. There are some who have never stolen things, killed or hurt anyone; rather, they have kept their vows and practiced virtue. Yet, they often seem to be less fortunate than others in many aspects. Such cases tend to make people wonder, “If karma was true, why should good people run into bad luck?” Lay practitioners who do not have in-depth knowledge of karma or fully understand the viewpoints of may ask the same question. Some would even say，“I have attended many pujas and read so many scriptures. I should not have to suffer this or that illness or misfortune.” This is a wrong view. The fact is that all the virtuous actions committed have been stored in our alaya consciousness. It is due to the relevant conditions not yet matured that karma derived from those actions has not come to fruition. This is like a farmer who sowed all his grains in the springtime and must wait five to six months for the harvest. In the meantime, he is just a poor fellow with nothing left to eat at home. Some people may question，“You have toiled hard every day，tilling the land. Why don’t you have any food to eat?” Question like this is pointless. Everyone knows that there is a waiting period between sowing and harvesting. The reason why he has no food now is because he did not plough the land properly last year to reap a bumper harvest this year. His hard working this year would not have directly affected that outcome in any way. Similarly, attending pujas or liberating animals would not have any direct impact on the pain and misfortune we suffer now as those are the manifestations of the ripening of past negative karma.

现代人在这方面也出现了类似的问题。有些人没有偷盗、杀生或伤害他人，并且持戒行善也做得不错，然而他的工作、生活却处处不如人意。于是，有人就想不通：如果因果存在，善良的人怎么会遭到不幸呢？对因果或《俱舍论》没有深入了解的居士也会有这种看法，甚至有人这样说：我参加了法会，又念了那么多经，就不该有这样那样的病痛或灾难。这种观点是错误的，因为参加法会、放生及所做的一切善举，已经存入我们的阿赖耶识中，没有显果是因为因缘没有成熟。就像一个农民春天种地，他把仅有的粮食都播了种，家里就没有粮食了，要等五六个月以后才会丰收，而现在他却是一个没有饭吃的穷人。有人觉得奇怪，你种了那么多地，天天辛勤劳动，为什么没饭吃呢？这种疑问是没有道理的，因为谁都知道，播种和丰收之间是有一段时间间隔的，现在没有粮食是因为他去年没有好好种地，没有获得丰收，所以把种子播下去后，便没有余粮可吃，这与他今年的辛勤劳作没有直接关系。同样，参加法会或放生与现在的病痛灾难也没有直接的联系，因为病痛灾难是过去世所造恶业成熟的显现。

Another situation is that bad people seem not to get sick or encounter ill luck that often. Many of them have a good life and may even live in prosperity until they die. Again, people will question, “If cause and effect does work, why is it there is no retribution after all the bad deeds these people have done? It seems that evildoers live a healthier and happier life than people of virtue. Wouldn’t this be an indication that causality does not exist?” This is exactly the same situation as the farming example.

另一种情况是，有些人平时无恶不作，但他也没病没灾，过得很好，甚至一辈子都荣华富贵直至寿终正寝。于是又有人说：如果因果存在，他们干了那么多坏事，为什么没有报应呢？行善之人与造恶之人比较时，造恶之人过得还要健康快乐，这不是说明因果根本没有吗？这与种地的情况完全是一样的。