所谓快乐，也许正是未来的痛苦之因

The second type is suffering arising from change. This type of suffering is not obvious at the outset, but may turn into something rather painful later on. For instance, if we see a stranger die of a car accident on the street, we probably will not feel too distraught with grief. However, if the deceased should turn out to be our parent or a loved one, our grief would be very strong and immediate because of the emotional attachment we have to the person. Frankly, we would not have suffered had suffering not been a latent part of family relationship already. Besides, worldly happiness can also turn into a source of suffering. For example, the happy gathering of friends and relatives gives one pleasure, but the eventual parting makes one sad. If there had been no feeling of happiness at the gathering, there would not have been any sadness at the time of parting. Thus, happiness is in direct proportion to suffering here.

二、变苦。这种苦开始不是很明显，但后来可以变成痛苦。譬如在街上看到陌生人出车祸死亡，不会感到很悲痛。但如果死者是自己的父母亲人，则立即会有强烈的痛苦感受。因为对亲人有感情，所以会引起伤痛。如果在亲情当中没有潜伏着痛苦的话，就不可能有痛苦的感受。另外，一些世俗中所谓的快乐也有可能会变成痛苦。譬如亲朋好友欢聚一堂，就感觉身心舒畅；一旦面临分手，就会黯然神伤。如果当初在一起的时候不觉得快乐，分手之时也就不会有什么痛苦。所以快乐和痛苦在此是成正比的。

Suffering arising from change may appear to be happiness on the surface, but can in fact turn into suffering at any moment. That is to say, without earlier happiness, no suffering will ensue either, just like we never feel happy or sad about meeting and leaving the strangers at the malls or other public places. Since we did not experience happiness in the first place, no suffering will ensue afterwards. Suffering arising from change is so named because the ensuing suffering concealed within prior happiness will eventually reveal itself when conditions change. Suffering of this kind usually happens to the human and celestial beings of the desire realm.

这种“苦”，表面上看似快乐，实际上随时都可能变成痛苦。如果没有先前的快乐，就不会有后来的痛苦。就像我们在商场等公共场所中，虽然与成批的陌生人萍水相逢，又各奔前程，却既不快乐也不痛苦一样。因为没有先前的快乐，所以没有后来的痛苦。在这种先前的快乐中，隐藏着后来的痛苦，所以称之为“变苦”。变苦通常存在于欲界的人和天人道中。

The third is suffering of all conditioned phenomena. Because it is very subtle, our sense faculties do not react visibly to its appearance and disappearance. Yet it acts like a locomotive to the suffering that will ensue. In other words, it is capable of engendering other suffering since it itself is impure and defiled in nature. This kind of suffering exists primarily in the form and formless realm.

三、行苦。因为它很细微，所以我们的感官对它的生灭没有明显的反应。但它却像火车的车头一样，牵引着后面的痛苦，也就是说，它有能力导致其他痛苦的产生，因为它是有漏法。行苦主要存在于色界与无色界中。

These are what the Buddha gave as a comprehensive definition of suffering. If in samsara there were only one type of suffering，e.g., suffering upon suffering, it would be reasonable to think that celestial and human beings, and even animals, can also feel certain happiness in this world. Unfortunately, this is not the case. No matter how colorful and fascinating the world appears to be, in the end all phenomena are inseparable from suffering. As the Buddha saw the whole picture, not just a part, of samsara, he came to the final conclusion after having observed the gross and subtle aspects of suffering that samsara is all suffering.

佛就是如此全面地给苦作了定义，如果轮回中只有苦苦的话，那么人间也是有快乐幸福的。不止天和人，包括畜生也会有快乐的感觉，但这只是片面的想法。不论世界多么的五彩缤纷、绚烂夺目，万法最终还是离不开痛苦的。因为佛所看到的，是轮回的全貌，而不只是片面的一部份。在他将苦的粗细层面都观察到以后，最后得出的结论是：轮回中充满了痛苦。