参与这一世的缘起支

Of the twofold cause and effect, the above seven states belong to the first. Ignorance and volitional actions are the ones that “cause”- they cause consciousness, name and form，the six sense bases, contact and sensation of the present life to arise.

前面提到了两重因果，以上讲的七个缘起支就是其中的一重：无明和行叫做“能引”，它会引起现世的识、名色、入、触、受。

Consciousness, name and form, the six sense bases, contact and sensation are the ones “to be caused” - they are caused by ignorance and volitional actions of the past life.

什么是 “所引”呢？所引就是识、名色、入、触、受，它是由前世的无明和行蕴引起的。这就是第一重因果。

Next is craving, which essentially means desire for temporal fulfillment.

然后就是爱支，爱就是喜爱世间圆满的贪欲心，在佛经中十二缘起支上用的就是“爱”这个字，意思就是贪欲。

Grasping follows craving. Grasping is to engage in activities that sustain one’s livelihood, whereby karma is committed and the cause of rebirth is being set once again. Nowadays what most adults do every day would be defined as grasping.

爱之后就是取。取是什么意思呢？取就是为了自己的生存、生活而去做很多营生的事情，它也属于业。因为这样做又会造业，又在准备下一世再回来的因素。现在社会上大多数的成年人天天都在做的，就叫做取。

For instance, during the course of conducting business, people may cheat others of their money, tell lies and engage in all sorts of competitions. When competing with others, harms may be done either intentionally or unintentionally. All these are creating karma.

譬如做生意，在做生意的过程中，会骗钱、打妄语、参与竞争，在竞争的时候，有意无意之间又会造成很多伤害，做这些就是在造业。

What follows is the state of becoming, which can be understood as samsara or the cause of samsara. Here, it means the latter, the same as volitional actions. Just the wording is different. Volitional action is karma committed in the past life and the cause of the present life. Becoming is karma committed in the present life and the cause of the next life. In other words, becoming is virtuous and evil karma.

接着就是有支。有可以作两种解释：一是轮回；一是轮回的因。轮回的因和行支是一样的，只是用词不同而已，实际上是一回事。行支是上一世造的业，同时又是这一世的因；有是这一世造的业，同时又是下一世的因。有支就是善、恶的业。

Craving gives rise to grasping and becoming. And karma is thus committed. By then, the causes of rebirth are complete: craving, grasping and becoming. How can there not be an effect (rebirth) when all the causes are already present? Rebirth is inevitable. These three describe the course that starts when one is able to perform karmic actions to the end of one’s life.

因为有了爱（贪欲）以后，就会有取和有，也就是去造业。若是这样，下一世再来轮回的因就已经非常完整了：第一个是爱，第二个是取，第三个是有。如此一来，我们下一世肯定要轮回了。因为，因已经全部具备，怎么可能没有果呢？肯定是有果的。

Above is the summary of the eight linking states of the present life.

这三支是指从能够造作非梵行，到生命结束之间的过程。以上所讲的，是这一世的八个缘起支。