藏传佛教的必修课是什么？
中英文 | Are You Ready
for happiness? (16)
佛教哲学de现代意义
There is an extensive compilation of sutras and sastras in Buddhist literature. Many of the Tibetan monasteries and Buddhist institutes of advanced studies have included five types of sastras in their required curriculum. They are called the five major categories of sastras.
经典和论典的数量，都非常庞大。藏传佛教的许多寺院和高等佛学院，将其中五种论典作为必修课,并称之为五部大论。
Five Major Categories of Sastras
（二）五部大论
The five major categories of sastras are five different types of commentaries, each of which is a system of its own.
五部大论，也即五种不同的论典，其中每一种论典都是一个体系。
The first type of sastra is called precepts, which deals primarily with regulations governing the conduct of monastics and laymen.
第一种论典，叫做戒律。大多是讲佛教徒与出家人的行为规范或戒律。
The second type of sastra is called Abhidharma which focuses on many subjects: among the subjects are creation, destruction and change within the universe, the condition of the microcosm, human physiology, mental phenomena, karmic cause and effect, reincarnation, meditative practice, and the nature and type of liberation.
第二种论典，叫做阿毗达摩。阿毗达摩是梵文音译，主要宣讲宇宙间各种天体的诞生、毁灭以及生灭之间的变化，微观世界的状况，人体的结构,还有心灵分类、善恶因果、生命轮回、修行与解脱的本质和分类等等。
In the area of mental phenomena, Buddhism provides a very detailed analysis of the human mind. Included are classifications of emotional states, the number of which are negative or positive, the relationship between different types of emotions, the circumstances under which the emotions arise or disappear, how they can be controlled, etc. Also included are the meditation practices of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.
在心灵分类部分，佛教把人类的心灵剖析得非常细致入微。包括人的情绪分类，毁灭性的情绪有多少，良好的情绪有多少，各种情绪之间的关系是什么，分别在什么样的情况下发生或消失，如何控制等等。其中也包括了小乘与大乘佛教的禅修内容。
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