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教言精髓(8)

求学之足迹 求学足迹 2020-12-08


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亲爱的粉丝们:


正如上师曾在2018年1月4日的微博这样写道:自己所需诸论典,每日之中记一句,如同蜂蜜及蚁窝,不久即将成智者。——《萨迦格言》


我们特别推出新的专题栏目——“智慧相约”来共同学习上师的经典课程,每次音频十分钟左右,通过这样的学习,无论身处何地,都可以让你将学习进行到底。


同时,还有配套的课堂笔录、相关拓展资料,让我们一次学习就深入到底!


只要你圆满学习一次课程,就可以在文章末点赞。让我们在虚拟的时空中,共同学习,共同进步!





传法时间:2016年8月13号







犹如鹦鹉学舌之讽诵,
无论念诵与否皆相宜,
不必筹算完成之数目,
愿能勤修殊胜之佛法。


鹦鹉也会学人念咒,我们念什么,它就跟着有口无心地重复。但是它没有一点观想能力,更没有生圆次第的观修。比如说别人念“嗡阿ra巴扎纳德”,它也跟着念“嗡阿ra巴扎纳德”,别人念“嗡玛尼叭美吽”,它也跟着念“嗡玛尼叭美吽”。汉地有一些八哥也会念“阿弥陀佛、阿弥陀佛……” 。
 
如果不知道极乐世界的功德 ,不知道阿弥陀佛的四十八大愿,没有虔诚的信心,不具足往生四因的话,即使你不断念佛诵咒,也不过像这些鹦鹉学舌一样,不一定能解脱。

拓展内容

1. 阿弥陀佛四十八大愿



2、往生四因
 

往生四因是什么呢?佛经中是这样讲的,〖《极乐世界功德庄严经》云:“阿难陀,若有众生屡屡观想如来身相,〗这是往生极乐世界的第一种因;〖积累众多无边之善根,〗这是第二种因;〖发菩提心,〗这是第三种因;〖为往生彼净土而发愿、回向,〗这是第四种因。


——索达吉堪布《净土教言》



有些人经常说,我念了多少多少心咒,数字虽然多,但效果可不好说。当然对初学者来讲,念一百万、三百万、一个亿……,包括我们今天发愿念两万遍文殊心咒,这样为了完成数量念诵也可以。如果想保证功效,在念诵过程中还是要有观想。比如要念文殊心咒,就要先知道文殊菩萨是三世诸佛智慧的总集,还有他是如何发愿,如何度众生的等等。念诵咒语要明白其中的意义,否则什么都不明白,光是“嗡玛尼叭美吽……”,念得特别快,甚至六个字都念不清楚,光是“叭叭叭……”,功德不一定很大。

麦彭仁波切说他不管念任何咒语,全都会观想。比如念莲花生大士心咒的话,他会想到莲花生大士的发愿、咒语的功德、以及整个咒串的观修方法等。如果能一边观想,一边在慈悲心的摄持下诵咒是最好的,但这对初学者有点困难。

那如果没有观想能力,念咒语有没有功德呢?还是有功德的,这一点我们不能否认。经常有人问我:“我观想起来有一定困难,但我坐车、走路、开车的时候都会念咒,这有没有功德?”功德肯定有。不过要想真正断除轮回的根本、获得解脱,就不能仅仅止于完成数量了。所以这里说,不必筹算完成之数目,这是从高一点的层次和境界讲的。

对初学者来说,修五十万加行、每年完成多少万的咒语和佛号,很有必要。但从高的修行境界来讲,敦珠法王劝导,愿我们能清净地修持真正的佛法。



犹如山间飞瀑之讲法,
无论精通与否皆相宜,
莫视口头宣说为修行,
愿能勤修殊胜之佛法。


山涧的瀑布一直奔流不息,直落山崖无有障碍。我曾去过很多瀑布,尤其是九寨沟和加拿大的瀑布,非常美丽,很多人喜欢在那里拍照。瀑布的声音很好听,路过瀑布时,我常常想起法王写的一个无常道歌,叫《瀑布妙音》。


拓展内容


《宣示寿命无常之悲情道歌》
瀑布妙音
作者:法王晋美彭措仁波切
 
The Melodious Sound of a Waterfall
The Lament That Teaches
the Impermanence of Life
By H.H. Jigme Phuntsok Rinpoche

1/32
发散、汇集浩瀚无垠的一切本尊坛城之作者,无与伦比的大恩上师法王麦彭仁波切啊,请您安住在我心中的莲花妙垫之上,自然而然地唱起一串串无常之歌。
 
The creator of the emanative, convergent and vast mandala of all deities, the unsurpassable kind Dharma King Mipham Rinpoche, please abide the wonderful disc of the lotus flower in my heart and spontaneously sing songs of impermanence.
2/32夏日的青青草原,草木茂盛、鲜花盛开,宛若天境一般令人赏心悦目,一旦遭遇冬季风霜雨雪的横扫,萧瑟荒凉的景象,不禁让人心中哀伤倍增。
 
On the green grassland in summer, grass flourishes and flowers blossom; it is as pleasant as a fairy land, but once it is devastated by the wind, frost, rains and snow in winter, a great feeling of distress is enhanced by the bleak and desolate scene.
3/32
五彩缤纷、绚烂多姿的花园中,辛勤可爱的蜜蜂们,争先恐后地吟唱着悦耳动听的歌谣,虽然人人都希望这种欢乐嬉戏、浪漫追逐的美好时光能天长地久,但又怎能阻挡前世业果的力量?
 
In the colorful and gorgeous garden, the diligent and lovely bees view each other to sing euphonic songs. Although people all wish the wonderful time of happily frolicking and romantically chasing could last forever, how will they ward off the force of the karmic effects from previous lives?
4/32 葱郁茂密的森林中,杜鹃鸟儿啁啾欢唱,清脆婉转的歌声令人神往,这是多么美妙的供品啊!但到了初秋来临之际,若能想想此情此景,这又是多么殊胜的宣示寿命无常的善知识啊!
 
In the exuberant forest, cuckoos chirp and sing joyfully; their silvery and euphonic sound appeals to all; what a wonderful offering! However, with early fall approaching, if one recalls this, what a supreme teacher it is demonstrating the impermanence of life!
5/32
蒙蒙细雨,氤氲出缤纷绚丽的彩虹,横跨在朵朵白云点缀的虚空之中,那么的凄美迷离、风情飘逸,转瞬之间,却又消失无影,找不到来去的踪迹。若能细细思量,这便是生动鲜活的无常景象。
 
Through the drizzle, a colorful and dazzling rainbow arches in the sky ornamented with white clouds, how fluffy and elegant! Transitorily, it disappears without traces of having been there at all. If contemplating carefully, you will find it is a vivid and living vision of impermanence.
6/32
秋天,朵朵白云亲密地堆积在一起,像层层叠叠的雪山峻岭,刹那之间却又消失于虚空,不留下一丝痕迹。这一切的一切,难道不都是在向厌世者们喻示着“今生今世的一切荣华安乐,都是漂泊不定、不可信赖的”吗?
 
In the fall, white clouds intimately piling up, just like the continuously rolling snow-covered mountain peaks. Instantly, they disappear in the sky without a bit trace. Aren’t all of these metaphors for people with renunciation that, “All the glory and happiness in this life are drifting and unreliable? ”
7/32 坚固辽阔的三千大千世界之广大宇宙,终将被火水风的灾难毁灭殆尽,区区人类所建的宫苑墙垣,更是难以自保、不可依靠。
 
 
The stout and vast cosmos of the three-thousand fold universes will be completely destroyed by the disasters of fire, water and wind, so the palaces, gardens and walls built up by humble human beings are more difficult to preserve and more unreliable.
8/32
纵然是寿命过劫、神通在身,并以禅悦为食的天人与大仙,面对阎罗与怨敌,也无从逃避、身不由己。若认为自己可以躲避死亡,则是颠倒、邪恶之想。
 
Even those gods and risis, who can live longer than an eon, have clairvoyance and live on the joy of meditative concentration, cannot escape and have no freedom when facing Yama and their enemies. It is a completely wrong and malicious thought to believe one is able to avoid death.
9/32
往昔虽然出现了个别在四大部洲权倾一时、一呼百应的所谓“转轮王”,但如今也只能让后人念知他们曾经辉煌一时的威名,由此推知,我们自己微弱的身体,也不可能有什么实质的意义。
 
In the past, there were few so-called “universal monarchs” who have reined the four great continents, and have the power to call hundreds into action, but now what they left for the posterity is just the memory of their prestige in their splendid time. Thus, it is also impossible for our own weak bodies to be of essential meaning.
10/32
断证圆满的如来与佛子,也曾像满天的繁星一般数不胜数,但他们却相继为了揭示无常的道理而示现涅槃,这些现象,都明明白白地宣示了无常之理。
 
Tathagatas and Bodhisattvas who perfected all the purification of obscuration and attainment of realization had been as immeasurable as the stars in the sky. However, in order to reveal impermanence they successively manifested entering paranirvana. All these phenomena clearly demonstrated the principle of impermanence.
11/32 在堪称清净刹土的桑耶宝顶大殿中,回想起师君三尊及眷属在世时的历历场景,不由得心花怒放、欢喜异常,思绪一回到现实,又怎能不让人愁肠百结、满怀悲伤?
 
 
In the jewel topped Samye great temple which is acclaimed as a pure land, when recalling the vivid scenes of the Venerable Three, the Masters and the King, I could not help being jubilant and overjoyed. However, when thoughts came back to reality, how could I help myself from being melancholy and heartbroken.
12/32
如果没有如理如法地闻思经得起三种观察的清净殊胜之经论,仅仅凭着自己的思度与揣测胡乱行事,就不可能断除轮回之根源。等到年老体迈之时,反而成家娶妻生子,成为家眷满堂的家长。临终之际,老僧必将因为没有行持善法而被迫转生,漂泊于恶趣之中。
 
Without proper listening and reflecting on the pure supreme sutras and shastras which can withstand the examination by the three ways, it is impossible to cut off the root of samsara by only acting in accordance with one’s own thinking and conjecture. On the contrary, one will get married, have children, and have lots of family members, get old and weak; and at the time of death, the old monk is bound to take rebirth again and transmigrate to the lower realms for having not practiced virtue.
13/32
如果不好好学修《集密意续》(经)、《幻化网》(幻)以及《十八母子续》(心)的经幻心三部,却把敲鼓吹箫弹奏等表面形式当成甚深法义,贪得无厌、肆无忌惮地安享信众财物,等到出现死相,就会显露出自己过去所犯的种种恶行。
 
If one does not diligently study and practice the trilogy of the sutra, magic and mind — the Sutra of Condensed Meaning (Sutra), the Magical Net (Magic) and the Eighteen Mother-Son Tantras (Mind); but only treats formality, such as playing a drum, blowing a Chinese flute and other performance, as the profound meaning of the Dharma; insatiably and unscrupulously consuming the properties offered by believers; when death arrives, all sorts of one’s past non-virtuous actions will be unveiled.
14/32
聪明伶俐、能言善辩的寺院小僧人啊,虽然你们一心贪恋着讲法、辩论等场合的各种名望,但要等到博得格西学位,那已经是头发像海螺一般苍白之时了啊。你们这些人在世间所享受那些快乐,终究都逃不过昙花一现的命运啊。
 
Smart and eloquent young monks in monasteries! You wholeheartedly cling to the fame in teaching and debating, but when the time comes for you to get the Geshe title, your hair will be as white as conches. All the worldly happiness you enjoy cannot escape the fate of the transient blooming of udumbara trees.
15/32
轻视戒定慧三学等修道功德,一门心思地追求今生利益的形象修行人啊,哪怕死到临头并没有达到自己的目标,怎奈何阎罗王的严厉法规,却是不讲情面、不容拖延的啊!
 
Ostensible practitioners, who neglect the merit of the path of practice, such as discipline, concentration and wisdom, but single-mindedly seek benefit of present life! You cannot reach your goal even when death arrives and the strict law of Yama does not allow exception or postponement!
16/32
白发苍苍、体态龙钟的老人们啊,却不知时日地做着多年的人生规划,仿佛不知自己犹若灯油枯尽的油灯,即将结束此生的旅程。难道还不赶快为死亡中阴的前路积攒一些盘缠吗?
 
White-haired and senile old men! You are still planning for your years' life blueprint without noticing your age as if unaware you are just like an exhausting butter lamp; the journey of this life is about to end. Don't you think it is time to prepare some money for the journey in the intermediate state after death?
17/32
朝气蓬勃、风华正茂的青年男女啊,虽然你们以飞扬的青春而自傲,心里从没有过死亡的影子。但死期何时来临,谁都不知道。当阎罗王的使者赶到,捆绑起你们的脖颈时,你们一定会追悔莫及。
 
Young men and women imbued with vitality and in the prime of life! You are proud of your flying bloom and have never had a shadow of death in your mind, but nobody knows when death is coming. When the messengers of Yama arrive and bind your neck, you will feel it too late to repent.
18/32
心心相印、情投意合的妙龄男女啊,虽然你们私下倾诉着无尽的甜言蜜语、海誓山盟,妄想着一生相伴、永不分离的美梦,怎奈寿命的长短,却是谁也无法预知的啊!
 
Pubescent boys and girls who find one another so congenial and have a complete meeting of minds! You confided to each other endless sugarplums under the rose, made solemn pledge of eternal love, dreamed the mirage of being lifelong companions and never being separated, but no matter what, your lifespan could not be predicated by anyone.
19/32
往年家财圆满、富贵亨通的人,如今却变成可怜兮兮的穷汉,当这些场景在内心的明镜中清清楚楚地映现出来,怎能不对一切有漏事物生起悲哀与厌倦?
 
Those who were wealthy, noble and with a perfect fortune in past years have already become miserable paupers. When these scenes are clearly reflected on the mirror of mind, how could one not feel lamentable and weary of all contaminated phenomena?
20/32
三十几颗洁白的牙齿,已经散得七零八落。浑身的皱褶,犹如纵横交错的盘山路。这一切由盛至衰的景象,都是在无声地警示:你的死期即将临近!如果还迷迷糊糊、懵懵懂懂,那与牦牛又有什么差别呢?
 
Your thirty-some white teeth have already fallen here and there. The wrinkles covering your body are just like interlaced spiral mountain trails. All the scenes from blooming to senile are quietly warning: your death is coming soon! If you are still confused and muddling, how can that be different from yaks?
21/32
再过一个春秋,等到明年此时,将有数之不尽的人奔赴黄泉之路,谁敢说在此行列中绝对没有自己呢?所以啊!来世其实并不遥远。
 
After the coming spring and fall pass, at the same time next year, countless people would have run into their death. Who can guarantee you will not absolutely be one of them? Therefore, next life is actually not far away!
22/32
再过一百年以后,大地之上现存的人将一个不剩,所有生命都注定会迈向死亡。在犹如短暂梦境一般的迷乱显现中,追求今生利益有什么意义呢?
 
After a hundred years, none of the people on the earth right now will still remain. All lives are doomed to die. In this transitory dream-like deluded appearance, what is the significance to pursue the benefit of present life?
23/32
自己儿时的同龄好友,如今大多漂泊他方、居无定所。众多的生命,已经流落于中阴暗处。我自己一个人,又怎么可能独存于世呢?
 
Most good friends in the same age as me are now drifting in other lands, unsettled. Many lives have already fallen into the darkness of the intermediate state. How could it be possible for me to exist in this world alone?
24/32
当所向无敌的阎罗使者来临之时,即使自己躲在坚不可摧、无门无缝的城堡中,企图凭借十万名身着甲胄、手持武器的士兵作护卫,却终不能在人间多停留一时半会儿。
 
When the all-conquering messengers of Yama arrive, even if hiding oneself in an indestructible and seamless castle, guarded by ten thousand armored and armed soldiers, one still cannot stay in this world for just another moment.
25/32
即使你的财宝遍布三界,但阎罗王的狱卒魔众却拒不受贿。哪怕统帅三千大千世界的梵天王与帝释天王,也绝对想不出可以免于死亡的招数。
 
Even if your wealth and jewels could cover the entire three realms, the messengers of Yama would not accept your bribe. Even Brahma and Indra who reign over the three thousand-fold universes could not come up with a way to escape death.
26/32
即使容貌娇艳得像天边的彩虹一般明媚动人,风情万种、千娇百媚,精通各种勾引、挑逗、诱惑之术,怎奈何夺命的阎罗王大军,却一根汗毛都不会为你的伎俩所动摇。
 
Even if you look as charming and pleasant as a rainbow at the edge of the sky, however voluptuous and curvaceous, and are good at all sorts of skills for cajolement, flirtation and enticement, nevertheless, not even a hair of the deathful army of Yama will be wavered by your trick.
27/32
看到很多有病和没有病的人都相继死亡之后,一定要静下心来慎重仔细地抉择思维:这一切,都是自己决定死亡的警钟和鞭策,所以必须将自己的注意力,转移到精勤修持解脱的大道上来。
 
After seeing many people, whether sick or healthy, have died successively, one should get down to carefully think and contemplate in this way: all of these are the alarm bell and spur for the certainty of my own death, so I must turn all my attention onto the great path of diligent practice for liberation.
28/32
统领众多部落之千家万户的大首领、大官员,死的时候不要说带走一个部下,甚至连带走一口食物的权力都没有。此时绝对有利的,唯有殊胜之正法,请不要一再推迟耽延、白白蹉跎时光了。
 
The great chiefs and officials who reign over thousands and hundreds families of many tribes! When death arrives, you have no freedom of taking a bite of food with you, let alone taking a subordinate away. Only the authentic supreme Dharma is absolutely beneficial at that time, so please do not postpone again and again and let the time wasted.
29/32
当今生今世业力所感的一切现象彻底结束的痛苦出现时,即使有再多的亲友伙伴,也不能为自己分担一份,哪怕哭得泪流满面,也无可奈何、无济于事。不要再坐以待毙了,赶紧趁着现在,勤奋修持对死亡有利之法吧!
 
When the suffering of the complete ceasing of every phenomenon in this life resulting from karma appears, no matter how many relatives, friends and companions you have, none of them can share a bit with you. Even if you cry till tears cover all of your cheeks, it brings neither change nor help at all. Do not resign yourself to death, but devote yourself from now on to practicing the Dharma that is beneficial at death!
30/32
若能善加思索,则内外器情之一切万法,都是开示寿命无常的教科书。虽然内心自然流露的感慨无穷无尽,但此处仅以这首云彩一般的道歌,奉献给您这位知心好友。
 
Through careful contemplation, you will find all phenomena of the outer material world and the inner sentient world are textbooks demonstrating the impermanence of life. Infinite sentiments have naturally radiated from my heart, but here, I only present this piece of cloud-like Dharma song to you, my dear confidant!
31/32
志同道合的好朋友啊!您一定要再三地聆听:轮回世间的万事万物都是不可靠的,为了获得永恒不变的无漏大乐圆满财富,应当从现在开始,心无旁骛地披上修法的精进铠甲。
 
Dear friends in the same camp! Make sure to listen to it repeatedly: everything in samsara is unreliable. In order to attain the everlasting, undefiled perfect fortune of great bliss, you should, from now on, put on the armor for diligently practicing Dharma wholeheartedly!
32/32
愿我从现在开始,乃至虚空穷尽之际,能始终如一地恭敬顶戴怙主文殊上师,同时为可怜的众生宣讲甚深妙法,并获得与文殊勇士一样的智慧与心力。
 
From now on til the end of space, may I be able to unwaveringly pay homage to the Protector – Guru Manjushri; at the same time, teach sentient beings the profound Dharma and obtain the same wisdom and mind strength as that of Warrior Manjushri!
以上具有三十二妙相数字的偈颂,是因好朋友俄则亚纳反复劝请为助缘,兼以自己心相续中对无常生起的强烈厌离心为内因,而在心中自然流露出的真实情感。
The above thirty two verses, which is a wonderful number, are sincere feelings naturally radiated from my heart. My good friend Otse Yana’s repeated request was the favorable condition and the strong mind of renunciation toward impermanence in my mind was the inner cause.
 
阿旺罗珠宗美于甲辰年元月二十七日撰著完毕。
Ngawang Lodro Tsungmed composed this on the 27th day of the first month of 1964. May it be auspicious!


 

这里用飞瀑,比喻人讲法辩论滔滔不绝、口若悬河,非常精彩动听,讲很长时间也如弹指一瞬,一下子过去了。但这种口才,精通也可以,不精通也可以。口头上说得头头是道,不一定是真正的修行。

有些人因为前世的因缘,嘴巴特别会说,脑袋里的想法非常丰富。尤其开会时,不断提出建议,讲起来头头是道。所有人都觉得他很厉害,鸦雀无声地听他讲。但很可能他只是所谓的口头上的讲师——讲得很好,下了讲台自己也不会做。这种只会说不会修的人,我们不要错认为是修行人。

当然各地都有不同的人,不能一概而论。有些人讲得不错,修行、行为也非常好;有些人讲得很好,但不一定做得好,修行上可能比较差。所以敦珠法王这里说,希望我们能够精勤地修持真正的佛法。

拓展内容


那么人活100年,则造业100年,最后离开的时候,就如《四百论》里面讲的一样:凡夫人大多数都是堕入恶趣,我们可能会成为地狱、饿鬼和旁生的真实无伪的这种材料。


所以,我们这次忏悔,不用问别人,“我有没有什么值得忏罪的?”你自己扪心自问,就知道自己应该忏悔。我为什么特别喜欢开金刚萨埵法会呢?虽然我从小也没有杀过生,在这些方面应该可能稍微好一点,但是,如果按照经典,严格来讲,“阎浮众生,举心动念无非是罪”。


所谓“佛”,是指清净的境界。其中包含两种意思:第一种,是我们平时观想的阿弥陀佛、药师佛、释迦牟尼佛等佛的报身与化身;从更深的层次来说,真正的佛是佛的法身,也即我们心的本性如来藏。

 

佛的化身是为了度化众生,而在众生的面前示现的一种比较符合凡夫观点的形式,实际上不是真正的佛。

  

真正的佛,是佛的法身,也即心的本性如来藏。真正胜义谛的咒,不是声音、文字、语言与符号,而是心的本性光明如来藏。

 

我们平时念诵的咒语,比如金刚萨垛的心咒“嗡班杂尔萨埵吽”,也有六种不同级别的认识。

 

我们目前的认识是其中最低的,认为咒语的本质,就是人的语言、声音,咒语与平时说话、唱歌的区别,只是有没有加持,有没有消除障碍、得到成就的力量而已,但本质都是自己的声音。

 

最高层次的认识,是了知“嗡班杂尔萨埵吽”这个咒语就是金刚萨埵,金刚萨埵佛尊与我们念出来的声音“嗡班杂尔萨埵吽”完全是等同一体的。


很多人在看到金刚萨埵佛像的时候,会认为佛像很有功德,应该恭敬顶礼,但却认为咒语是自己发出来的声音,没什么值得恭敬的,这种观点是错误的。

 

本来金刚萨埵佛像也是画匠用矿物等颜料画出来的图像,也是有漏的,它与动物图像的差别,只是加持作用的不同,但本质上没有差别,都是图画。


因为我们把金刚萨埵佛像当作有加持力的佛像来看待,所以佛像才能对我们起作用;如果我们把佛像看得和动物画像一样,则即使是佛像,也不会起什么加持的作用。

 

其实,墙上画的金刚萨埵像,是我们的眼睛看到的,当我们的眼识感受到金刚萨埵像的时候,金刚萨埵像实际上就是我自己的眼识,也即心的现象。同样,念“嗡班杂尔萨埵吽”的声音,是我们的耳根所感受到的对境,是我们的耳识,也同样是心的现象。

 

也即是说,眼识所见的本尊与口中所念的心咒都是佛智的现象,一个是通过声音的形式表现出来,另外一个是以图像的形式出现,实际上二者完全等同,没有任何差别。如果我们能了知咒语和佛像平等一味的道理,咒语才能发挥应有的作用。

 

最简单的观想,是在念金刚萨埵心咒的时候,把金刚萨埵心咒当作祈请金刚萨埵的语言,就像现实生活中呼唤一个人的名字一样,如果足够虔诚,则即使没有什么正知正见,也能见到金刚萨埵,得到金刚萨埵的加持。

 

世界是我们的心的一种反射,而不是真实存在的东西,世界是以我们的心来决定,而不是由造物主等等来决定,也不是无因无缘,毫无次序与规律的。当心发生变化时,世界就有变化。

 

我们现在所感知到的不清净现象,甚至包括清净的现象在内,都是习气的反映。什么叫做习气呢?


比如说,如果在地面的雪上撒一点有颜色的东西,当雪融化以后,颜色就会残留在地面上。


同样,如果我们偷了东西,这个偷东西的业就会像雪上的颜料一样,以类似能量的方式,储存在阿赖耶识里面,这个能量,就叫做习气。


———仁波切







那还要不要讲呢?要讲。否则,我们磕磕巴巴讲不出来,别人听十分钟也会觉得很累。有时开研讨会,要求每个人讲十分钟,如果一个人讲得特别精彩,十分钟很快就过了;如果讲得不好,很多人就会看表。演讲和演讲还是有所不同,有的人煽动力很强,把所有人的注意力全都吸引住了。这是从语言的正面作用讲的。

这里主要强调,我们要知道有些人讲得很好,但不一定修得很好。

 

 


END




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